Tuesday, October 14, 2014

WHAT IF AT EVERY POINTINSTANT OF SPACETIME THE NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT DIGITS IS INFINITE?

When the illustrious Dr. Guth’s digital watch “materializes” out of the vacuum will it be in motion or not?  It appears no quantum calculations can supply the answer as to how gravitons shall affect the putative watch.[1]  If the theorists can not even “imagine” how to detect gravitons how can they “insist” they exist at all?[2]  Each particle, thus, in this view, must emit gravitons on a continuous basis in order to be able to “attract” all other particles.[3]  So, if no one “looked” there would be no particles!!  Even a vibration is a wave, continually in motion, it is not a fixed particle.  So, every vibration attracts every other vibration and no vibration has any means of not vibrating, of becoming affixed to a particular point in a field.  No field, thus, can ever be fixed either in terms of time or in terms of space.  But quantum field theory “insists” a field must exist even when there is no matter there, even if no waves or vibrations exist.  This is the equivalent of putting the cart before the horse, of misidentifying which is the independent variable.[4] 

The first problem is obvious:  does every point in space “vibrate?”  Are points in space, the constituents of the quantum field, subject to the theory itself vibrating?  Are points particles?  “A field exists at every point in space” begs the question of the definition of a “point in space.”  Is the point in space itself subject to “the uncertainty inherent in quantum measurement?”  Or, is a point in reality resolvable to a precision afforded by infinite number of decimal points?  Why does quantum theory rely on π, a number which has been carried out to millions of decimal points?[5]  The idea of the quantum is simple enough:  nature provides energy in “packets” incapable of further subdivision.  But, of course, the packet itself may be more energetic or less energetic depending on its frequency.  A gamma ray photon is more energetic than a radio wave photon, but it is the same quantum, the same packet.  It all depends on what process emits the photon, the most energetic of these processes being gravity driven, as during a supernova as a one time millisecond event or what appear to be multi million year processes which have resolved themselves into quasars.  Quantum mechanics must thus answer whether it is arbitrarily mixing apples and oranges in terms of assigning x number of decimal places to a particular class of operators, zero decimals to others, and infinite decimals points to another variety of variables or constants.  If at every point in space a multitude of quantum fields exists and if every point in space is describable with infinite precision because it can be measured with a variable capable of being carried to an infinite number of decimal places then how does quantum field theory “deny” this same precision to a value of a particle affixed to any point in the field?  In other words, the field itself can be affixed to a point in space measurable with infinite precision but the points inside the field are not even “in principle” measurable with infinite precision.  Does this not make the field itself bigger than the point it occupies in space?  On this basis physics must confront and resolve a most (if not the most) basic of questions:  does the universe contain any rounding errors?  If every point in space is assignable a set of coordinates represented by an number consisting of an infinite number of significant digits then the universe is analog, not digital, and the quantum digital world is merely as “subset” of the larger infinitely precise universe.  The quantumists theorize quantum field theory is more fundamental than classical theory because the entire universe is permeated with quantum fields none of which have ever been observed, allowing the quantumists to speculate “what we can possibly see is only a small subset of what really exists.”  What they are really saying is they have no means of calculating the various physical actions to an infinite degree of precision and are ergo imposing a self styled decimal point limit on the universe and are de facto proving there is rounding error in the universe.  But there is zero evidence the universe makes even a single error, let alone is pervaded with error on the most fundamental level.  When a particle vibrates around a certain value quantum mechanics assigns only a finite number of values as the set of possibilities in order to compute a most likely value for the particular particle.  If quantum mechanics assigned an infinite number of possible values to the particle then if these values were within a certain range (at each end of the range the value would approach a limit), the only way they could be infinite is if each value were computed instantaneously to infinite number of significant digits, i.e., to infinite precision.  This is why the good Dr. Guth must say “roughly speaking, anything can happen in a vacuum, although the probability for a digital watch to materialize is absurdly small.”[6]  How many significant digits would be required to prove Dr. Guth’s thesis as a viable explanation of reality?  Is the proton’s life time greater than 3 x 1032 years only because the instruments can not be calibrated to a higher degree of precision?  Many quantumists were very disappointed with the proton’s resilience.  If due to general relativity space and time are spacetime, inseparable in principle into time and space, then the time coordinate, just as the space coordinate, is computable to an infinite number of significant digits, meaning the calculation in reality must be instantaneous and which also means Planck time is an approximation.  As soon as the number of significant digits in reality is reduced to a very small number, such as 43, over a very short duration the rounding error becomes massive, would cause the universe to tear itself apart.  Curiously, any rounding error is yet to be observed, on the classical level the universe is extremely stable, eminently predictable.  Earth’s orbit has not decayed in billions of years, with a rounding error where would the Earth be now?[7]  Just because quantumists can not solve the three body problem due to rounding error this same inability should not be arbitrarily imposed on the real universe.


[1]   From The Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “Gravitons are only produced by the gravitational interaction.”  [p. 104].  Gravity is “described by a field, and ... gravitational waves ... move through space at the speed of light, and if we looked at such a wave carefully enough we would see a collection of massless particles called ‘gravitons.’  Gravity is far too weak for us to imagine detecting individual gravitons, but the basic truth of quantum mechanics insists ... they must be there.”  [p. 130].
[2]   From The Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “Admittedly, we haven’t actually observed individual gravitons ... so we use the word ‘graviton’ to refer to those particles we haven’t yet seen on an individual basis.  The way ... gravity acts as a force on other particles is pretty simple:  every particle attracts every other particle (although very weakly).”  [p. 29].
[3]   From The Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “Matter is really waves (quantum fields), but when we look at it carefully enough we see particles.”  [p. 130].  “According to quantum field theory, absolutely everything is made of a field or a combination of fields.  What we call ‘particles’ are tiny vibrations in these fields.”  [p. 33].
[4]   From Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “Conceptually, a field is the opposite of a particle.  A particle has a specific location in space, while a field exists at every point in space.”  [p. 125].  “Just as we can never quite pin down a single particle to a definite position, we can never really pin a field down to a definite configuration.  If we look at it closely enough, we see particles appearing and disappearing in empty space, depending on the local conditions.  Virtual particles are a direct consequence of the uncertainty inherent in quantum measurement.”  pp. 129-130].
[5]   From The Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “In classical mechanics we can at least imagine being more and more careful and bringing our measurements closer and closer to reality.  Quantum mechanics denies us [this] possibility, even in principle.  In the quantum world, what we can possibly see is only a small subset of what really exists.”  [p. 128].
[6]   From The Encyclopedia of Physics (Lerner, 1991):  “The lightest baryon is the proton, the nucleus of the hydrogen atom ... a flurry of experimental activity ... to date has yielded no evidence for proton decay;  the current lifetime is known to be greater than 3 x 1032 years.”  [p. 89].
[7]   From The Particle at the End of the Universe (Carroll, 2013):  “If the mass of the electron changed just a little bit, we would still have things like ‘molecules’ and ‘chemistry,’ but the specific rules ... we know in the real world would change in important ways.  Simple molecules like water (H2O) or methane (CH4) would be basically the same, but complicated molecules like DNA or proteins or living cells would be messed up beyond repair.  To bring it home:  Change in the mass of the electron just a little bit, and all life would instantly end.”  [p. 146].

Saturday, October 11, 2014

WHITHER EVOLUTIONARY INFORMATIONAL ENTROPY?

Change is a special category of motion.  While general motion is unwritten, change is special motion because it is written.  Thus change is potentially a deliberate act, not a preprogrammed or automatic act.  General unwritten motion is substantive, never formal, but special motion, change, may be substantive or it may be formal, literally depending on what is written.  What is written may be due to luck or randomness.  The jury is still out as to whether given an infinity of time 10,000 monkeys (or is it 99,000) with typewriters could in fact by sheer luck hammer out Hamlet.[1]  Even given an eternity it must not necessarily happen.  At the other end of the spectrum, the most substantive or least formal writing discovered to date is DNA.  But, of course, this is only this writer’s opinion.  Others may have other opinions.  Regardless, here is the point:  DNA is an insulating agent against changeless motion.  Yes, the Sun shines, protons are fused at its hot core, it is a machine in motion, but there is no change, it is motion without change as “change” is defined here.  There are no deliberately contemplative acts, every solar act is automatic, perfectly deterministic.  The reason, as defined here, is because the Sun is not written, it does not come into being as a result of a written plan.  Every physical act in the universe is perfectly automatic, no proton or photon or phonon needs to consult a manual to ascertain what it must do.  The contrast could not be greater.  Yes, the physical acts of the universe are substantive because no science, or anything else, has to date rigorously demonstrated any ability to violate gravity, for example, except in the movies which does not count.  On the other hand entropy, it seems, is a two way street, it generally increases but in special cases it may decrease as it does in the special case of DNA.  Inside life entropy has been steadily reduced, defying the general case of which the Sun is an example, due to DNA evolution, which is nothing more than editing of the written by deliberate selection, or at least not fully automatic or totally mindless selection.  Selection implies competition, as when a female may select from several eligible males, or when several eligible males compete to gain reproductive access to a herd of females.[2]  The reality of  less entropy means greater organization, less chaos, a species with less entropy has on balance a greater chance of winning a competition, and this ability to have less entropy is written, not unwritten.  The Sun attains the point of minimum entropy when it first ignites after the self-organizing principle built into gravity has collapsed the original cloud of molecular hydrogen.  Thereafter the Sun’s entropy slowly rises until it runs out of fuel.  This action can be predicted for every star ever “born,” even if the universe contains a infinite number of stars.[3]  How does DNA manage to reduce entropy over an evolutionary time scale?  The unwritten, although incapable of being violated, is “dumb” in contrast to the written which is “smart” because the information captured with the written, with DNA, can not exist physically anywhere else in the universe, and due to the cell cycle, the duplicability of DNA, the capturing of information is cumulative thusly the requirement of slow, steady change the end result of which is a reduction in entropy, an increase in how much information is captured with a given number of words.  There is little doubt the physical atoms are organized by DNA into life, DNA is an intermediary, is an absolute necessity.  The process of modifying life in writing is “change,” it is not merely “motion.”  A base pair is added (not all DNA is of equal length) or dropped, the code is edited sometimes by blind luck (mutation), or, most often (for the eukaryotes), due to selection, by a non automatic process leading toward less and less systemic entropy.  Gravity as self-organizing principle applied to atoms in a free, gaseous state, forms a star which arguably is in a state of lower entropy than the original gas cloud, it appears the same self-organizing principle is in operation with respect to writable information in the form of DNA.  The writing itself changes in such a way as to have a tendency to produce organisms of lesser entropy, therefore because the lesser entropy organisms are more organized, because their DNA is packed with more information, this leads to a greater variety of behavioral responses to changes in the biotic environment, enhancing survival chances.  If it is hypothesized the biotic environment is information rich then tendency toward the ever lowering of organizational entropy makes sense because the “animal” which processes and possesses more information, has senses which are sharper, more precise in terms of delivering information than of another animal, has the edge, is more competitive, has attained a state of lower informational entropy.

Just how information rich is the biotic, planetary environment?  Humans are about to find out for their own actions have put humans, literally, “under the gun.”  To put it another way, it is “crunch time” for the planet in general and humans in particular.  The burden to know information has never been more acute, there shall be no second guessing, no Monday morning quarterbacking.  Decisions humans make collectively during the next few decades shall prove their worth.  Natural disasters, tsunamis, eruptions, earthquakes are not subject to human control, this is not what the information burden is all about.  It is products, including commercialism, propaganda, humans have created artificially, technologically, which humans today do not have control of, it is about this “stuff”  which decisions shall be made or not made.  As time moves a informational bell rings, meaning a decision to change is expected, and if the decision is not forthcoming the moment passes, the favorable historic conditions never to return, technology’s machinery marches on, on its own time table, the humans losing the chance due to procrastination.


[1]   [cite, Hamlet contains more than 4,000 lines]
[2]   In rare footage, a night fight to the death between an older leopard (who held the territory) and a younger leopard was captured, mostly only the sound is on tape, it was too dark to see the leopards themselves, but it lasted several minutes and the sheer ferocity was unmistakable.  [cite].
[3]   From The Encyclopedia of Physics (Lerner, 1991):  “The upper limit of stellar masses is about 100M[sun symbol]:  stars of larger mass are evidently not found because in the gravitational contraction stage the denser core forms first and provides sufficient heat and radiation pressure to disperse the remaining matter,” i.e., to prevent more matter from contracting.”  [p. 1175].

Tuesday, October 7, 2014

THE MISTS OF TIME

When a man looks in a mirror does time flow backward when reflected by the mirror?  So, some images are mirrored, while others, like time, are not mirrored.  Time knows no mirrors.  Time can not be reflected by any means.  Without time all of physics would be completely impossible, yet none of physics captures time in any way, squirrels it away in an equation or formula.  The smallest theoretical measurement of time, the tiniest tick of the clock, is Planck time, 10-43 seconds.  There exists no means in physics to break time down into smaller increments, into true infinitesimals.  This alone by itself without anything else proves human thought is perfectly disconnected from physics.  If mind were perfectly connected to physics it would be impossible to think of infinitesimals, it would literally be impossible to imagine Planck time divided into an infinite number of units.  This is the basis for the theory of the infinite realm of abstractions.  To say 10-∞ is perhaps mathematically allowed but physically 10-∞ is nonsense, is not allowed due to the Planck constants, due to a minimum assignable scale to a quantum of action which, clearly, must be physical, not merely mathematical.  A photon is at the very edge of physicality because it is massless, the jury is still out on the neutrino.  The photon has a temporal duality:  (1) it is the yardstick of time, and (2) it does not experience time.  Even if a photon travels 10 billion light years, from the perspective of the photon not a single Planck second has passed, not a single Planck distance has been traversed.  “From a photon’s point of view, it is emitted and then instantaneously reabsorbed.”  [phys.org].  This is “true” for a photon which “from our point of view has traveled for over 13 billion years.”  Our temporal point of view is possible because we are more than photons, we are mass and photons.  If the photon is instantaneously absorbed, it could be said this action is faster than the minimum Planck time.  No time whatsoever expires.  There is no entropy, no loss or gain is possible due to the instantaneous nature of the action.  Neither space nor time can be affected, although the photon is said to have “relativistic momentum.”  It is observed to propagate through space and time in one direction.  Not until it is reabsorbed can it change direction.  If there were no mass there could be no photons because mass is a requirement for photon emission.  No photon can emit itself from itself.  On the other hand, it seems mass is incapable of not emitting photons.  The photons in space and time are free of mass for a duration the photons do not experience but everything else experiences a duration.  If the universe is in balance then duration must also be in balance.  If the photon is evidence of the shortest duration, of an infinitesimally small duration when it is emitted and instantaneously reabsorbed then a similar rule could apply to mass inasmuch the duration of mass is the opposite, the symmetrical counterpart of instantaneity:  a single tick of the clock which lasts an eternity.  Mass is not absorbed or emitted, it always exists, although E = mc2 does apply but this consumes but the tiniest portion of mass.  An out of balance, symmetry broken condition would exist if photons are emitted and reabsorbed instantaneously and mass was in existence less than eternity.  If symmetry is not broken, the counterbalance to zero time, instantaneity, is infinite time, eternity.

Sunday, October 5, 2014

IMPLICITLY IMPLICATED IMPLICATION

There are no rules by which physicality can become imperfect, by which physicality can be made to err, meaning if any imperfection is detected it is a performance in the abstract realm only, never in physicality’s domain.  Physicality has no counterpart, it is a single infinite set, while every abstraction has at least two “flavors:”  perfect and imperfect and must thus occupy at least two infinite sets.  More shadings are, in fact, possible, down to the level of infinitesimality, where an abstraction is perfectly imperfect, not merely imperfectly imperfect, etc. etc.  In fact, there are an infinite number if infinite abstract sets some of which are “countable” while others are “uncountable.”[1]  Uncountability, if it does nothing else, by itself implicates imperfection, an inability to make certain conclusively, comprehensively.  The issue implicitly crystallizes:  if physicality is not life and if abstractions (perfect or imperfect) are not life, can any combination involving the two nonliving realms somehow create life?  Or, must a third, hitherto undiscovered, element be not absent, must by implication (thusly) an actual a priori “living thing,” i.e., having the ability to use two admittedly dead domains for its own purposes, exist?  There seems to be no doubt, the two dead realms combine to form life, but how?  Is physicality and abstraction dead perfectly?  Can any life be found in an atom?  Is the concept of a living abstraction an oxymoron?  Both are seemingly perfectly dead, they nonetheless combine to form life, meaning, by implication there is a “secret ingredient” enabling the combination.  Alone by itself abstraction can not do it, physicality alone by itself can not do it, and nothing seemingly exists in either by which the combination resulting in life is initiated, both are dead letter law.  Implicitly a real [unknown] exists (can not but be implicated) which real [unknown] combines dead abstraction and dead physicality, and no matter how invisible the real [unknown] seems, the result, LIFE, the ever opening, evolving flower, is not in doubt, is everywhere.


[1]   E.g., Cantor.